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Finno-Ugric languages
Finno-Ugric ( or ),〔Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved September 04, 2012 from website:http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/Finno-Ugric〕 Finno-Ugrian or Fenno-Ugric is a traditional grouping of all languages in the Uralic language family except the Samoyedic languages. Its commonly accepted status as a subfamily of Uralic is based on criteria formulated in the 19th-century and is often criticized by contemporary linguists.〔Tapani Salminen, "The rise of the Finno-Ugric language family." In Carpelan, Parpola, & Koskikallio (eds.), ''Early contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: linguistic and archaeological considerations.'' Mémoires de la Société Finno-Ougrienne 242; Helsinki 2001. 385–396.()〕 The three most-spoken Uralic languages, Hungarian, Finnish, and Estonian, are all included in Finno-Ugric.
Linguistic roots common to both branches of the traditional Finno-Ugric language tree (Finno-Permic and Ugric) are distant. About 200 words with common roots in all main Finno-Ugric languages have been identified by philologists including 55 about fishing, 15 about reindeer, and three about commerce .
The term ''Finno-Ugric'', which originally referred to the entire family, is sometimes used as a synonym for the term ''Uralic'', which includes the Samoyedic languages, as commonly happens when a language family is expanded with further discoveries.
==Status==
The validity of Finno-Ugric as a genetic grouping is under challenge,〔(Salminen, Tapani (2002): ''Problems in the taxonomy of the Uralic languages in the light of modern comparative studies'' ); the clade has also been abandoned by ''Ethnologue''.〕 with some feeling that the Finno-Permic languages are as distinct from the Ugric languages as they are from the Samoyedic languages spoken in Siberia, or even that none of the Finno-Ugric, Finno-Permic, or Ugric branches has been established. Received opinion has been that the easternmost (and last-discovered) Samoyed had separated first and the branching into Ugric and Finno-Permic took place later, but this reconstruction does not have strong support in the linguistic data. In the past, and occasionally today as well, the term ''Finno-Ugric'' was used for the entire Uralic language family.
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